Obesidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes. Asociación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular en familiares de primer grado / Obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Association with cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives

Fundamento y objetivo: La obesidad es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública. En la adolescencia existe una falta de contacto con el sistema sanitario que impide realizar un diagnóstico de la misma y de la morbilidad que asocia. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer a los 18 años la prevalencia de obesidad, sobrepeso, factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) y su posible asociación con existencia de FRCV en padres y hermanos. Pacientes y método: Se realiza un estudio de 153 niños seguidos hasta los 18 años en un centro de salud, determinando índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cintura, FRCV y antecedentes familiares. Resultados: La prevalencia de obesidad es del 7,18% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 3,0-11,0) (6,25% en varones y 7,86% en mujeres) y la de sobrepeso del 18,3% (IC 95% 11,9-24,0) (26,56% en varones y 12,35% en mujeres). Refieren antecedentes familiares de FRCV un 53,9% (IC 95% 46,1-61,9) de los casos: hipertensión arterial (25%), obesidad (23,6%), dislipidemia (21,7%) y diabetes (7,2%), globalmente más frecuentes (72,72%) en el grupo de obesidad que en el de sobrepeso (64,2%) y normopeso (49,59%). Existe asociación entre obesidad a los 18 años y obesidad y diabetes en sus familiares de primer grado, así como entre hipertensión arterial a dicha edad e hipertensión arterial en familiares de primer grado. Conclusiones: Con el fin de diagnosticar en jóvenes adultos situaciones de obesidad, sobrepeso y posibles complicaciones a ellas asociadas se debe realizar un seguimiento especial a hijos de padres y hermanos de personas con factores de riesgo, fundamentalmente hipertensos, diabéticos y obesos

Background and objetive: Obesity is a major concern in public health. The fact that most teenagers stop contacting the health system during this period of life prevents detection of this problem and its associated morbidity. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of obesity at 18. We also aimed to detect overweight, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and association with CVRF in parents and siblings. Patients and method: The research includes 153 children followed up to 18years old in a community health center. Measures of body mass index (BMI), waist perimeter, CVRF, and familiar history were taken. Results: The prevalence of obesity in our study group was 7.18%, (IC: 3.0-11.0), (6.25% male and 7.86% female). The prevalence of overweight was 18.3% (IC: 11.9-24.0), (26.56% male and 12.35% female). A familiy history of CVRF was found in 53.9% (IC: 46.1-61.9) of cases, including high blood pressure (25%), obesity (23.6%), dyslipemia (21.7%), and diabetes (7.2%). This finding was more prevalent in the obesity group (72.72%) than in those with overweight only (64.2%), or with normal weight (49.59%). A family history of obesity and diabetes in first-degree relatives was associated to obesity in the study group. Also, a family history of high blood pressure was associated to the presence of high blood pressure in this group. Conclusions: In order to detect obesity, overweight, and associated complications in young adults, specific attention to children and siblings of persons who present risk factors is recommended. Those with high blood pressure, diabetes or obesity have the higher risk (AU)

Prevalencia de resistencia a insulina en una población de jóvenes adultos. Relación con el estado ponderal / Prevalence of insulin resistance in a young adult population. relationship with weight status

Calcular la prevalencia de la resistencia a la insulina mediante índice HOMA (homeostatic model assessment) e insulinemia basal, y estudiar su asociación con estados de sobrepeso según índice de masa corporal (IMC) y perímetro de cintura (PC) en población adulta joven de un centro de salud. Pacientes y métodos Se estudió una serie de 118 jóvenes de 18 y 19 años, no diabéticos, pertenecientes a un centro de salud de atención primaria, con los que se contactó telefónicamente y en los que se determinaron el IMC, PC, HOMA e insulinemia entre otros parámetros. Resultados Un 9,3% de la muestra presentaba cifras de HOMA ≥ al P90 (HOMA≥ 3,15), 50% en el grupo de obesidad. Un 11% presentaron cifras de insulinemia ≥ al P90 (16,9). Según IMC, presentan sobrepeso un 17,8% (26,5% hombres y 11,6% mujeres) y obesidad un 6,8% (6,1% hombres y 7,2% de mujeres). Las cifras de obesidad según PC fueron de 5,71% si se consideraba cintura a nivel de punto medio y 15,38% si se consideraba a nivel de cresta ilíaca. Existía una correlación significativa del HOMA con aumento de peso, IMC, PC, tensión arterial sistólica, triglicéridos y glucemia, mientras que sólo la había entre insulinemia y aumento de PC y disminución de cifras de fracción de colesterol unido a proteínas de alta densidad (HDL).Conclusión En estaserie de jóvenes adultos, el aumento de IMC y de PC se asocia con aumento de la resistencia a insulina. La frecuencia de HOMA elevado en personas obesas fue del 50% (AU)

Aim To estimate the prevalence of insulin resistance using both the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index and basal insulinemia, and to analyze its relationship to overweight, as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).Patients and methods A series of 118 non-diabetic young adults aged 18 and 19 years attending a primary care health center were studied. They were contacted by telephone, and their BMI, WC, HOMA and basal insulinemia were measured, among other parameters. Results HOMA values ≥ P90 (HOMA ≥3.15) were found in 9.3% of the sample (50% in the obesity group). Insulinemia ≥ P90 (16,9) was found in 11%. Based on BMI, 17.8% were overweight (26.5% of men, 11.6% of women), and 6.8% were obese (6.1% of men, 7.2% of women). Based on WC, 5.71% were obese when waist was measured at the midpoint and 15.38%, when measured at the iliac crest. HOMA was found to be significantly correlated to weight increase, BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and blood glucose, while correlation was only found between insulinemia and increased WC and decreased high lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. Conclusion In this young adult sample, increased BMI and WC were associated to increased insulin resistance. High HOMA values were found in 9.3% of subjects (AU)

Prevalence of insulin resistance in a young adult population. Relationship with weight status.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of insulin resistance using both the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index and basal insulinemia, and to analyze its relationship to overweight, as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 118 non-diabetic young adults aged 18 and 19 years attending a primary care health center were studied. They were contacted by telephone, and their BMI, WC, HOMA and basal insulinemia were measured, among other parameters. RESULTS: HOMA values ≥ P90 (HOMA ≥3.15) were found in 9.3% of the sample (50% in the obesity group). Insulinemia ≥ P90 (16,9) was found in 11%. Based on BMI, 17.8% were overweight (26.5% of men, 11.6% of women), and 6.8% were obese (6.1% of men, 7.2% of women). Based on WC, 5.71% were obese when waist was measured at the midpoint and 15.38%, when measured at the iliac crest. HOMA was found to be significantly correlated to weight increase, BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and blood glucose, while correlation was only found between insulinemia and increased WC and decreased high lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. CONCLUSION: In this young adult sample, increased BMI and WC were associated to increased insulin resistance. High HOMA values were found in 9.3% of subjects.

[Obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Association with cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives]. / Obesidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes. Asociación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular en familiares de primer grado.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major concern in public health. The fact that most teenagers stop contacting the health system during this period of life prevents detection of this problem and its associated morbidity. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of obesity at 18. We also aimed to detect overweight, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and association with CVRF in parents and siblings. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The research includes 153 children followed up to 18 years old in a community health center. Measures of body mass index (BMI), waist perimeter, CVRF, and familiar history were taken. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity in our study group was 7.18%, (IC: 3.0-11.0), (6.25% male and 7.86% female). The prevalence of overweight was 18.3% (IC: 11.9-24.0), (26.56% male and 12.35% female). A familiy history of CVRF was found in 53.9% (IC: 46.1-61.9) of cases, including high blood pressure (25%), obesity (23.6%), dyslipemia (21.7%), and diabetes (7.2%). This finding was more prevalent in the obesity group (72.72%) than in those with overweight only (64.2%), or with normal weight (49.59%). A family history of obesity and diabetes in first-degree relatives was associated to obesity in the study group. Also, a family history of high blood pressure was associated to the presence of high blood pressure in this group. CONCLUSIONS: In order to detect obesity, overweight, and associated complications in young adults, specific attention to children and siblings of persons who present risk factors is recommended. Those with high blood pressure, diabetes or obesity have the higher risk.